A recent
study commissioned by the Library of Congress
found that, of the more than 11,000 silent films produced by American
movie studios between 1912 and 1929, just 14 percent (1,575) survive
today in their original domestic release. Another 11 percent are still
technically complete, according to the study conducted by film archivist
David Pierce, but only in imperfect formats. Some are repatriated
foreign release versions that lack the original English title cards and
may have been edited to appeal to foreign audiences, which Pierce
compares to imperfect retranslations of novels, where the story remains
the same, but nuances may be lost. Others may be preserved on smaller
format, 16 or 28 mm film stock, which can negatively impact image
quality.
The report underscores some of the difficulties faced by archivists
dedicated to preserving the world’s cinematic heritage, from full length
features to educational filmstrips. Some of the films may remain intact
in archives where harried film technicians have not had time to
identify, much less restore the work. Others, though, are likely gone
forever, lost to an early Hollywood culture that saw no value in
maintaining movies they couldn’t sell tickets to anymore.
“For theater owners and studios, after sound came in in the 1930s,
nothing had less value than a silent movie,” Pierce pointed out. “You
had ongoing expenses to store and copy films that were producing no
income and showing no prospect of producing income.” That meant that
many films were simply thrown out, or recycled and harvested for the
silver in the film stock.
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